The Monument During the Medieval Period
West Side of the Temple of Antoninus and Faustina, 141 A.D.
From the second to the fourteenth century, the Temple of Antoninus and Faustina survived wars, floods, earthquakes, and neglect. Though archaeological evidence from this period is hard to come by, because the Forum was repeatedly excavated and plundered, it is known that much of Rome suffered substantial damage when the city was pillaged in 1085 by Norman troops commanded by Robert Guiscard (1015-1085). [1] Moreover, in 1362, Pope Urban V permitted the removal of some of the temple’s marble and peperino blocks for use in the restoration of the Lateran palace, the pope’s residence that had been damaged by a previous Earthquake.
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1. Eric Fulford, “A Temple Through Time,” Archaeology 47 (1994): 58.